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NEONATAL JAUNDICE: Frequently asked questions

Here are some frequently asked questions by parents regarding neonatal jaundice, along with their answers:

1. What is neonatal jaundice?
Neonatal jaundice is a common condition in newborns, characterized by a yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels in the blood. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the normal breakdown of red blood cells.

2. Is jaundice in newborns normal?
Yes, jaundice is very common in newborns, especially within the first week of life. It usually resolves on its own as the baby's liver matures and is better able to process bilirubin.

3. What causes neonatal jaundice?
The primary cause of neonatal jaundice is an immature liver that cannot process bilirubin efficiently. Other causes include breastfeeding jaundice, hemolytic disorders, infections, and metabolic disorders.

4. How is neonatal jaundice diagnosed?
Neonatal jaundice is diagnosed through a physical examination and confirmed with a blood test that measures the bilirubin level. In some cases, a transcutaneous bilirubinometer can be used to estimate bilirubin levels through the skin.

5. How is jaundice treated?
Treatment depends on the bilirubin level and the age of the baby. Mild jaundice often resolves on its own. For higher levels, phototherapy (light treatment) is commonly used. In severe cases, an exchange transfusion may be necessary.

6. Can breastfeeding cause jaundice?
Yes, inadequate breastfeeding can sometimes contribute to jaundice. This is typically due to inadequate milk intake, leading to dehydration and higher bilirubin levels. However, continued breastfeeding with proper guidance and support is usually recommended.

7. When should I be concerned about my baby’s jaundice?
You should seek medical advice if your baby’s jaundice appears within the first 24 hours after birth, if it spreads to the arms or legs, if your baby has a fever, is difficult to wake, is not feeding well, or has high-pitched crying. These can be signs of severe jaundice requiring prompt medical attention.

8. How long does neonatal jaundice last?
In most cases, neonatal jaundice resolves within 1 to 2 weeks. Occasional babies might have mild jaundice for a longer period, sometimes up to a month. If jaundice persists beyond 3 weeks, it needs extra tests. 

9. Can jaundice cause any long-term problems?
If untreated and bilirubin levels become extremely high, jaundice can lead to a condition called kernicterus, which can cause permanent brain damage. However, with timely diagnosis and treatment, the vast majority of cases of neonatal jaundice do not lead to long-term issues.

10. Can neonatal jaundice be prevented?
While it cannot be entirely prevented, ensuring that your baby feeds well in the first days of life (whether breastfeeding or formula feeding) can help reduce the risk. Regular check-ups and monitoring bilirubin levels in newborns, especially those at higher risk, can help manage jaundice effectively.

These answers should help address common concerns and provide reassurance to parents dealing with neonatal jaundice.